Language is a critical component of the human condition. Similarly, language is very heavily connected to cognition and development, speech, anomalies, and deficits, and has been an important component of autism. Thus, the study of the topic has been a central aspect of research. This chapter was designed to provide a general overview of the topic. Among the topics covered in this language and social cognition chapter are the characteristics of language among autistic individuals, memory, executive function, developmental skills, aspects of language, and the complex effects of comorbid conditions. In practice, these issues must all be handled in the context of ethical factors in clinical practice. This latter topic will also be a major thrust of this chapter.