This chapter is devoted to an analysis of the physical realm of objective mental reality as an integral part of the human picture of the world. The author demonstrates that even familiar items and physical objects that are accessible to direct perception are represented by consciousness not only sensorily but also verbally. It is precisely this second, mental dimension that transforms a perceived entity into a distinct thing (item) by endowing it with meanings that are understandable to all. Things and phenomena—including even elementary items like a spoon—acquire cultural and symbolic significance only after the internalization of verbal constructions passed on to a person in the course of their socialization. This chapter examines the dual structure of physical objects: their simultaneous existence in both physical and mental reality. Particular attention is given to the role of language, culture, and objective mental reality in shaping the mental “second face” of physical entities. The mental aspect can dominate the material to such an extent that the physical object becomes a sign of another entity (examples include words, money, and works of art). The author argues that a deep understanding of even the natural world is impossible beyond the bounds of objective mental reality, since the meanings of physical objects are created and transmitted within the mental sphere. This chapter explores the socio-psychological and cultural mechanisms through which physical reality acquires meaning and structure.