Peacebuilding by Women in a Convulsing Latin America: Research, Negotiation, and Mediation in Conflicts
摘要
I started peace activities in Africa after the civil war in 1965 in Burundi, where I let a small group of refugees move toward a protected settlement in Tanzania by avoiding the shortest way then controlled by the Hutu rebel groups. We lost almost all small children due to diarrhea, malaria, and an attack by a hippopotamus. Later I ended up in Madagascar where I finished my studies and developed understanding regarding neocolonialism [neocolonialism, written by Fanon, Les damnés—, which I read in 1961, and the discrimination of colored people. I learned from the Tanzanian President the African Ujamaa approach toward socialism [Nyerere, The Arusha Declaration and TANU’s Policy on Socialism and Self-Reliance (Translated by A. Madyibi from Swahili to English). https://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/nyerere/1967/arusha-declaration.htm (1967)]. In Mexico, where I have spent more than five decades, I worked with the people against the Dirty War of the seventies, trained students to develop critical systemic thinking, and founded with multiple Latino refugees the Latin American Council for Peace Research (CLAIP, 1977). From my African and Mexican experiences, I learned that the women often had to face and confront very ugly situations especially during crisis moments, and sometimes they lose their lives.