This chapter addresses the ongoing challenges to achieving gender equity in surgery despite the increasing presence of women in medical education and training. It highlights barriers such as implicit bias, limited parental leave, and gender-based discrimination in the operating room. The importance of mentorship, sponsorship, and allyship in advancing women’s careers is emphasized, along with the need for institutional policy changes to support work-life integration. The chapter also discusses the confidence gap between male and female trainees and the role of national organizations in driving systemic change. Gender equity in surgery is essential for improving both patient outcomes and the profession.