AI and VR for Modern Architectural Pedagogy: Interacting with an AI-Powered Le Corbusier in the Villa Savoye Metaverse
摘要
This paper presents a web browser-based metaverse platform designed to transform architectural pedagogy through AI-driven NPCs and immersive VR/AR technologies. Focusing on Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye, the platform addresses the inaccessibility of modernist landmarks by enabling students to explore and interact with historically significant spaces via scalable, device-agnostic solutions. Built using WebXR and Three.js, the platform democratizes access across smartphones and desktops. Unlike entertainment-centric metaverses like Decentraland and Minecraft, our pedagogical framework integrates domain-specific AI mentorship with heritage-accurate spatial simulation. A pilot study with ten undergraduate students demonstrated enhanced engagement, as participants navigated the virtual villa, conversed with an AI-powered Le Corbusier NPC, and critically analyzed spatial dynamics through screenshots and reflections. Key findings revealed profound insights into modernist principles, such as blurred indoor-outdoor boundaries and fluid spatial transitions, which static 2D resources failed to convey. Despite the NPC’s success in contextualizing design theories, limitations in nuanced dialogue underscored the need for domain-specific fine-tuning using open-source models. Results highlight its potential to bridge theoretical and experiential learning while fostering equitable access to architectural heritage. This work calls for interdisciplinary efforts to advance immersive, ethical tools that redefine architectural education as a dynamic dialogue between past and present.