Drug trafficking in Ecuador has had a significant impact on national security and defense, becoming one of the main threats to the stability of the state. Due to its strategic location in Latin America, the country has been a key point in drug trafficking, which has generated an increase in violence, institutional corruption and the strengthening of transnational criminal organizations. Since 2019, homicides have increased by 680%, while drug seizures have grown by 178%, positioning Ecuador as the country with the third highest number of cocaine seizures worldwide. To address this problem, the study employs a mixed approach, combining a bibliographic review of national regulations and specialized studies, along with field research based on semi-structured interviews and an observation report with active and passive military personnel, as well as reservists. The analysis reveals that the militarization of security has succeeded in temporarily reducing violence, but has not solved the structural causes of drug trafficking. Corruption within the police and the judicial system continues to allow the expansion of organized crime. It is concluded that a comprehensive strategy that reinforces international cooperation, institutional control and social prevention is necessary to effectively combat this problem.