This study analyses the evolution of ICTs in Ecuadorian secondary education, using a mixed methodology that includes surveys, interviews and focus groups. The results show a significant increase in access to the Internet and computer labs in schools from 2019 to 2023. Teachers’ digital skills vary, with 65% at intermediate or advanced levels, but 35% still at basic level. The use of ICT tools is mainly focused on educational presentations and videos, with low adoption of advanced technologies such as virtual reality. Perceptions about the impact of ICTs are generally positive, especially on student motivation and access to resources, although less so on academic outcomes. Key challenges include inadequate infrastructure, lack of teacher training and connectivity problems in rural areas. The study concludes that while there has been significant progress, inequalities persist in access to and effective use of ICTs. A holistic approach is recommended that addresses technological, pedagogical and sociocultural aspects, emphasizing the need to continue investing in infrastructure, professional teacher development and the creation of contextualized digital content.