This chapter investigates the impacts of climate change on road transport infrastructure and operations, emphasizing the sector’s vulnerability to extreme weather events and long-term climate variability. Adopting a qualitative and exploratory approach based on a narrative literature review, the study identifies and categorizes major climate-related disruptions that affect freight and passenger transportation systems, including physical damage, operational interruptions, safety risks, and logistical inefficiencies. A matrix of climate impacts and associated technological responses was developed to synthesize the findings. The study highlights a range of technological solutions that can enhance the resilience of road transport, such as intelligent transportation systems, climate and traffic monitoring technologies, low-emission vehicles, adaptive infrastructure materials, and logistics management tools. These solutions were further examined in relation to contemporary frameworks, including Nature-Based Solutions (NbS), resilient city initiatives, and systemic risk management approaches. Additionally, the research aligns its analysis with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing how climate adaptation in transport contributes to global sustainability agendas.