Epidemiological trends reveal critical shifts in the prevalence and risk factors of neurological diseases, highlighting evolving health challenges and opportunities for intervention. The global landscape of neurological diseases reflects significant variations influenced by economic development, healthcare infrastructure, and population aging. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), unique challenges shape the epidemiology of neurological diseases. Disparities in healthcare access, educational opportunities, and preventive care contribute to higher incidence and mortality rates for neurological conditions. Limited resources often delay diagnosis and treatment, exacerbating disease progression. The social determinants of neurological health encompass a complex interplay of socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural factors. These determinants influence the onset, progression, and outcomes of neurological conditions across the lifespan. Religion, spirituality, and culture play a significant role in shaping how individuals and families experience and manage neurological diseases, influencing both care practices and patient outcomes. While these influences may not always be quantifiable through traditional clinical research, they represent important “soft facts”—subjective yet meaningful insights that complement medical understanding and guide holistic approaches to care. These factors often guide patients’ attitudes toward illness, decision-making, coping strategies, and their expectations of healthcare providers. Gender differences in access, utilization, and outcomes of neurological care are significant, particularly in LMICs, where healthcare disparities are amplified by sociocultural, economic, and systemic barriers. The approach to neurological care is significantly influenced by cultural norms, family structures, and socioeconomic contexts, which differ between LMICs and high-income countries. A life-course approach to neurological health recognizes that brain and nervous system health is shaped by cumulative interactions between genetic, environmental, social, and cultural factors across various stages of life. By addressing risk and resilience factors at critical periods, this approach aims to optimize neurological function, delay disease onset, and improve outcomes in aging populations. It highlights the need for context-specific, culturally sensitive interventions to address disparities and promote equitable neurological health. These soft facts in addition to medical facts are important ingredients in neurological care across globe and lifespans.