To an unparalleled extent, this chapter surveys the first 55 years of the Turkish Protestant movement. The movement’s inconspicuous and infinitesimal initiation occurred in the 1960s, when its adjective “Turkish” was more of an adnoun, referring to its functional language rather than to its ethnicity, and its Protestant nature was well veiled. During the 1970s, due to operational modifications of the growing number of missionaries at work in the country, the average duration and durability of their presence in Turkey increased, leading to the first conversions of Turkish Muslims to the Christian faith and to the earliest Turkish-speaking churches of the movement. The 1980s brought about the movement’s continued growth and gradual Turkification, as well as episodes of conflict and overt Protestantization. From 1990 on, the movement benefited from incremental legitimization and maturation, even while it manifested a slowing rate of growth and its members suffered from manifold antagonism. Initiation, modification, Turkification, Protestantization, legitimization, and maturation—these themes describe the movement’s developmental path, while the themes of religious freedom, missionary activity, individual choice, and plausible community emerge as prominent for the purposes of analysis and explanation of the Turkish Protestant movement.