This manuscript boons wide ranging appraisal of cellulose–chitosan-based bionanocomposite biomaterial in regulation of cardiovascular disease. This biocomposite gained attention in current epoch due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, anti-microbial, anti-fungal characteristic features. This paper comprises contemporary fabrication technique intended to enhance mechanical, chemical and biological properties of the bionanocomposite. In biomedicine sector, these bionanocomposite are extensively applicable for drug delivery as well as tissue engineering usage, aid in discharge of active material in controlled manner. This paper encapsulates application of innovative polymeric bio materials for designing diverse cardiovascular devices essential for diagnosis and regulation of cardiovascular disease. The biomaterial is used for the fabrication and analysis of artificial blood vessels, coronary artery stents with biosensors for coronary artery disease management, cardiac patches for heart failure management. This also evaluates enhancement, novelty and sustainable treatment preferences. Finally, this article represents the excellency of the novel polymeric bionanomaterials for different diagnostic and treatment modalities for cardiovascular disease. The progressive evolvement in cardiovascular medicine area paves the way for the development of treatment and diagnostic technique of cardiovascular disease.