This chapter reviews engineering strategies for developing bioengineered platforms to support in vitro ovarian follicle culture, a process vital for fertility preservation and reproductive biology research. Ovarian follicles are the functional units of the ovary, which serve as a source of both fertility and endocrine function. Follicles require a complex, dynamic microenvironment for proper development and hormone production, which can be challenging to replicate in vitro, leading to the need for novel biomaterials and engineering strategies. This chapter examines key engineering considerations, including matrix composition, stiffness, degradability, topography, bioactivity, and cell signaling within biomimetic hydrogels and scaffolds. It assesses natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic biomaterials for follicle encapsulation, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The importance of replicating the three-dimensional ovarian microenvironment, integrating paracrine and endocrine cues, and designing scalable, reproducible systems is emphasized. Advances such as 3D bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip technologies are discussed for their potential to improve clinical translation, high-throughput screening, and large-scale applications. Finally, barriers to translating advancements in follicle culture to the growth and maturation of early-stage human follicles are noted, and future directions are proposed for leveraging multi-omics techniques and advanced biomaterials to better model human ovarian biology and translate successful animal culture systems to human fertility preservation.