This chapter described the general explanations of the recognition process using numerical methods and elaborated on the factors and impact of oil spill pollution into environment. This is an essential point to brief the readers that oil spill is the most severe impact, especially causing widespread damage to ecosystems, marine biodiversity, human health and global economy. Mostly, this accident happens when petroleum or its by products are unintentionally or deliberately released into the marine or coastal environment. This chapter insights contribute significantly to environmental protection and for sustainable marine resource management. Polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is one of the chemical organic compounds that are formed by fused benzene rings without heteroatoms or substituents. PAH is also being brief in this chapter as a critical indicator of environmental pollution. Their toxicity, persistence and diagnostic value in forensic investigation make them a central focus in both analytical chemistry and environmental management. Their behavior and fate are also essential for impact assessment, regulatory compliance, and long-term ecosystem protection.