This study examines the conceptual evolution, theoretical models, and implementation challenges of social responsibility in organizational and academic contexts. The methodology adopted is based on a systematic literature review encompassing classical and contemporary approaches. The results indicate that social responsibility is a multifaceted concept whose interpretations and practices vary significantly across sectors and organizational strategies. While there is a growing recognition of its importance, challenges persist regarding its measurement, effective integration into institutional practices, and the absence of a universally accepted model. This study also highlights key barriers, such as the lack of resources and the absence of an organizational culture focused on social responsibility, which hinder the full implementation of this practice.