The urbanization and environmental change condition of Hyderabad, India, has drastically influenced land surface temperature (LST) and atmospheric composition. The present study will analyze the environmental impacts derived from industrialization, urbanization, vehicular emissions, and construction activity through the analysis of LST and few atmospheric gases. This study estimates LST from Landsat-8 brightness temperatures and other parameters, such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), vegetation proportion index, and land surface emissivity. Furthermore, in order to assess trends, the baseline data from Sentinel-5P has been utilized on Methane (CH4), Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). A temporal analysis of 2019, 2022, and 2024 reflected dynamic shifts in environmental circumstances. 2022 improved in air quality and surface temperature from 2019, while 2024 was a close repeat of 2019’s unhealthy environment, signifying the rebirth of stressors in the environment. The findings reflect an intensifying urban heat island effect, and loss of green cover, and variation in pollutant concentration, all of which warrant urgent attention regarding sustainable urban planning and climate mitigation strategies. This part of the research forms a data-based platform for policymakers in adopting adaptive measures for urban growth and environmental sustainability.