In recent years, cancer has become increasingly prevalent, making it one of the most widespread diseases globally. The pathophysiology of cancer is very complex. Current issues with chemotherapy include stem cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, as well as induction of multidrug resistance, and lack of selectivity. To overcome these problems, cancer therapyCancer therapy has adopted a variety of nanomaterials, which are distinguished by their special optical, electrical, and magneticMagnetic characteristics. For this, many studies have been done on carbon-based nanomaterials (CBN). However, their use is limited keeping in mind its potential consequences on the environment and human health. In recent years, research and treatment for cancer have been significantly impacted by the development of nanomaterials in nanotechnology. Nanomaterials have the ability to efficiently adsorb a wide variety of compounds due to their large surface area. Both carbon nanotubesCarbon Nanotube (CNT) and grapheneGraphene are low-dimensional sp2 carbon nanomaterialsCarbon Nanomaterials (CNM), which are of interest in a variety of fields, including nanomedicine, due to their physical and chemical characteristics. Since 2004, carbon nanotubes have been widely employed as drug deliveryDrug delivery vehicles for the intracellular transport of genes, proteins, and chemotherapeutic medications. Furthermore, grapheneGraphene has demonstrated encouraging outcomes for a range of biomedicalBiomedical uses. This chapter will highlight the possibilities and difficulties in this rapidly evolving field, as well as new applications of carbon nanomaterialsCarbon Nanomaterials (CNM) in drug administration and cancer therapyCancer therapy.