Carbon-based shape memory nanocomposites have gained significant attention, combining the unique properties of carbon nanomaterialsCarbon Nanomaterials (CNM), such as carbon nanotubesCarbon Nanotube (CNT), grapheneGraphene, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and carbon dotsCarbon Dots (CDs) (CDs), and hybrid nanostructuresHybrid nanostructures with shape memory polymeric matrices to achieve advanced shape memory effects. This chapter explores the fundamental mechanisms controlling shape memory behavior, including thermally, electrically, and optically triggered actuation. Key properties of these nanocompositesNanocomposites and fabrication techniques, such as solution casting, melt blending, electrospinning, 3D printing, and in situ polymerization, are examined for their role in tailoring material architectures and enhancing dispersion of nanofillers. The incorporation of carbon-based nanomaterials significantly improves mechanical strengthMechanical strength, thermalThermal conductivity, and electrical responsiveness, enabling applications in biomedicalBiomedical devices, aerospace structures, soft robotics, sensors, and wearable technologies. Recent advancements highlight multistimuli-responsiveStimuli-responsive systems and bioinspired designs. Challenges in scalability, long-term stability, and sustainable synthesis remain critical areas for future research. The synergy between carbon nanomaterialsCarbon Nanomaterials (CNM) and SMPs promises to drive innovation in smart materialsSmart materials with enhanced functionality for a variety of high-performance applications.