Groundwater recharge artificially through the polymer transport mechanism has proven effective in addressing challenges such as depleted aquifers, saltwater intrusion, and freshwater storage shortages. Polymers originating from agricultural runoff, industrial effluents, and landfill leachates interact with soil particles during surface runoff and infiltration, influencing their adsorption, dispersion, and mobility. The present work provides a comprehensive review through bibliometric analysis of the mechanism of polymer transport into groundwater during the recharge process and focuses on the processes involved in the removal of polymer contaminants from groundwater. This study also aims to evaluate the impact of polymers on groundwater in terms of both qualitative and quantitative effects. The mechanisms involved in the polymer transport process include adsorption and desorption, soil permeability, hydraulic conductivity, and pore structure variations in aquifer materials. This bibliometric analysis reveals a growing research trend in polymer transport mechanisms, with leading contributions from countries such as the United States, China, and India. This review emphasizes the critical factors and methods of polymer transport for groundwater recharge and the method of micropolymer removal that causes contamination of groundwater and identifies several gaps from past studies that can be implemented in the future.