A major socio-economic and environmental challenge, reflecting population pressure, climate change, unsustainable agriculture, and poor governance, is the water shortage in South Asia. This chapter examines both conventional and redesigned approaches to addressing the water shortages in South Asia. The chapter also discusses the importance of transboundary cooperation, particularly regarding standard river basins such as the Indus and the Ganges–Brahmaputra-Meghna systems. It also emphasizes the need for inclusive and gender-sensitive water management policies, as well as the importance of incorporating local knowledge into contemporary scientific research. Through an analysis of several strategies, the chapter aims to provide insight into how South Asian nations are addressing a major contemporary environmental and developmental issue.