Territories in Practice: Fragmented Sovereignties and Situated Governance in Haitian Cities
摘要
This chapter examines how governance in Haitian cities is shaped less by formal state authority than by a plurality of territorial practices and fragmented sovereignties. In contexts where state institutions have retreated or collapsed, governance emerges through negotiated arrangements between local leaders, grassroots organizations, religious actors, armed groups, and humanitarian agencies. These actors construct overlapping regimes of power and regulation, producing a mosaic of territorial authorities that coexist, compete, and occasionally collaborate. The result is a paradoxical urban order marked by both fragmentation and innovation: while competing sovereignties exacerbate inequality, exclusion, and violence, they also foster situated practices of resilience, collective organization, and alternative service provision. Ethnographic vignettes reveal how ordinary citizens navigate this fragmented governance, often mobilizing vernacular infrastructures, micro-politics, and social networks to secure access to housing, services, and security. The chapter argues that Haitian urban governance must be understood as a practice of negotiation, adaptation, and contested legitimacy rather than a linear process of institutional planning. By foregrounding the plurality of sovereignties and the situated nature of governance, it highlights the need to rethink urban governance frameworks in fragile and postcolonial contexts.