Efficient energy use in office buildings requires an in-depth analysis of the factors affecting energy consumption and accurate predictions of both energy usage and carbon emissions. Previous studies have extensively investigated various elements influencing building energy consumption, such as meteorological data, occupant schedules, and HVAC systems. However, research focusing on the impact of building morphological characteristics, which are determined during the design phase, remains limited. To address this gap, this study analyzes the energy consumption characteristics by building type based on morphological indicators using public data from Seoul, South Korea. The Sensitive Value Index (SVI) was employed to assess the significance of previously developed shape indicators for various energy end uses, including heating, cooling, and base loads. The key shape indicators identified in the analysis include Surface-to-Volume Ratio (S/V), Height-to-Length Ratio (H/L), Relative Compactness (RC), and Roof Area Ratio. The analysis of office buildings revealed that a lower S/V ratio and higher RC are associated with an increase in cooling energy use intensity (EUI). In contrast, slender buildings with smaller roof areas demonstrated reduced solar heat gain through the roof, leading to lower cooling loads. This study provides a fundamental framework for building design strategies aimed at reducing energy consumption by building type from a morphological perspective. By using morphological indicators as explanatory variables, the study quantifies the impact of a building’s physical structure on energy consumption. The findings contribute to more accurate energy consumption predictions, facilitating the development of optimized design strategies that enhance energy efficiency across various building types.