Cosmic feminism offers an alternative vision of subjectivity stressing the self-in-place in relation to a larger natural or spiritual order of things. There are many versions of this perspective, as there are of the other feminisms as well. Some authors appeal to the (selected) heritage of Native Americans, stressing women’s ancient wisdom that men have suppressed but not completely obliterated. Others invoke the traditions of ancient goddess religions and the heritage of witchcraft as sources of personal strength and creative power for women, and as validation of nurturance for women and men. Still others speak of a poetic bonding between women, other animals, and the earth, a bonding constituted partly by what men have made of us but not reducible to a residue of male power.