This chapter introduces the conceptual frameworks that guide the study. It first examines Xu and Connelly’s idea of reciprocal learning as collaborative partnership, emphasizing cultural respect, equity, and “we-consciousness.” It then explores Schwab’s concept of the practical, which highlights moral decision-making in curriculum and research. The discussion also connects teacher knowledge with broader notions of professional growth, including the ideas of “Best-Loved Self” and “Self-Consciousness of Life.” These frameworks collectively ground the study in a strength-based, relational, and action-oriented approach to cross-cultural research.