Optimal transitions to school are viewed as central to successful educational and life outcomes for children. In Australia, transition to school has been the subject of extensive research commissioned by federal and state governments, universities, and philanthropic organisations. Collectively, this body of research has made a significant and sustained contribution to theoretical, conceptual, and practical understandings of transitions to school nationally and internationally. This chapter first outlines the Australian educational context, highlighting key turning points in both the early childhood and primary school sectors. It then provides an overview of the theoretical and methodological approaches employed in the research as well as the key participants in the research. Dominant themes and key considerations in the field of transitions to school in Australia are discussed. The chapter concludes by synthesising the key research and policy into a series of principles to inform future design and implementation of transition to school programs and research.