Phytoremediation (PhytoR) is a sustainable, economical and ecologically beneficial method for treating soil and water pollution caused by heavy metals (HMs), organic pollutants, radionuclides, pesticides and fertilizers. This method uses plants to immobilize, absorb, decrease toxicity, stabilize or decompose chemicals from various sources, making it an economical and ecologically beneficial solution. Research has shown that plants can effectively remediate radionuclides, organic pollutants, HMs, antibiotics and pesticides. PhytoR is an evolving technique that uses plants to mitigate contaminants at varying rates. It is affordable and sustainable due to its plant-based nature and renewable energy. This technique is used to remediate soil and water contaminated by organic and inorganic contaminants. This chapter examines the use of PhytoR in the remediation of pollutants like HMs, antibiotics, polymers and radioactive materials. The limitations of PhytoR can be overcome through natural and chemical modifications, genetic engineering and natural microbial enhancement.