China’s private higher education is in a transitional period that emphasizes both scale expansion and connotative development. Artificial intelligence is reshaping the education ecosystem. How to use AI technology to achieve the integration of educational innovation and quality improvement, and build a sustainable development path, is a key issue that private universities urgently need to solve. This study starts from stakeholder theory and constructs a sustainable development evaluation system for private universities that covers five dimensions: teachers, students, investors, government, and society, as well as 29 specific measurement indicators. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to empirically analyze G universities. The research results indicate that G University has shown outstanding performance in faculty construction and teaching hardware investment, but the efficiency of resource integration and stakeholder collaboration mechanism still need to be optimized. Therefore, private universities should establish a dynamic interest coordination mechanism, strengthen the collaboration of multiple subjects, and enhance their sustainable development capabilities.