The final chapter synthesizes the core arguments of the study, underscoring the enduring centrality of Mosaic and Islamic law in the history of West African, transatlantic and early American slavery. From West African legal codes and early Christian apologetics to the floor of the U.S. Congress, sacred law functioned as an ideal, a political instrument, and a constant battleground for contesting human bondage. The historical analysis reveals that the same Mosaic texts could be—and were—mobilized both to “create and establish” perpetual racialized slavery (esp., Leviticus 25) and to provide the foundational texts for abolitionist critiques of man-stealing (esp., Exodus 21) and the moral claims for liberation (Exodus 1–15, Jubilee). Islamic slave law in West Africa helped shape emerging Christian discourse and practice while also providing a comparative lens for measuring American debates involving questions of Mosaic (and broader biblical) slave law and practice. Ultimately, the volume provides critical interventions for legal, racial, and historical studies. It argues that the selective use of these intersecting sacred legal traditions deeply shaped the American nation's political identity, jurisprudence and resulting racial relations, with legacies that reverberate through Reconstruction, segregation, and modern civil rights debates.