Norwegian marine fish farming technology and innovations have had a great influence on technology development worldwide. While traditional net pens are the most common technology for fish farming in Norway, other production systems are emerging, making the industry more technologically diverse. This includes closed production units in sheltered areas, submersible farms, and large offshore structures. These innovations are motivated by the prospect of mitigating environmental concerns and the possibilities to install fish farms at sites further from the coast and in more exposed sea areas. Fish production involves many different farming operations, including reception of juvenile fish, feeding, welfare inspections, parasite control, and cleaning to name a few. In future fish farming, many of these operations and sub-operations will benefit from automation and control through AI and digital twins. In addition, aquaculture workers face several hazards performing these operations and are at risk of occupational diseases and injuries. AI may provide safety relevant decision support systems that can improve safety and working conditions. There is no doubt that automation and digitalization have the possibility to benefit future fish farming and solve some of the structural and technical challenges that have occurred during the latest years. These include challenges with structural integrity, interaction with vessels and other objects, station keeping, ballasting and stability, and water quality. The future will probably bring more diverse pen farm designs, where the pens and their operation are tailored to different sites, species, and environments. This will include an increased use of automation, as many operations and daily rearing activities cannot be performed manually. There will be a need of new sensors, digital twins, AI, triggers, and robots to maintain both fish welfare and structural integrity of future fish farms.