Over the past decades, walkableHamadan streets have emerged as a pivotal focus in urban design, recognized for their ability to enhance pedestrian mobility and support urban tourism. This study examines the impact of well-designed pedestrian pathways on tourism in Hamadan’sHamadan inner city, a location renowned for its rich cultural and historical significance. By focusing on a non-European context, this research expands the discourse on walkable streets, demonstrating their potential to improve accessibilityAccessibility and elevate the appeal of historical tourist destinations. Hamadan’sHamadan unique urban fabric, shaped by its role as an ancient cultural hub and a modernizing city, provides a distinctive lens to explore these dynamics. Using a mixed methods approach, the study integrates spatial analysisSpatial analysis via Space Syntax techniques, field surveys, interviews and behavioural tracking to evaluate pedestrian flowPedestrian flow, spatial perception and socio-economic outcomes. The findings reveal that pedestrian pathway within mid-range radii (1200–3600 m) are most effective in supporting tourist accessibilityAccessibility and activity, aligning with natural pedestrian movement patterns. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of walkable streets in promoting sustainabilitySustainability by reducing reliance on motorized transport and preserving cultural heritage. The present research aims to contribute to the global discourse on sustainable urban development by showcasing how pedestrian-friendly designs in non-Western historical cities can align with broader socio-economic and environmental goals. The insights gained from Hamadan’sHamadan case study offer valuable lessons for integrating cultural heritage and pedestrian infrastructure into urban planning frameworks worldwide.