The Romanian economy’s strategies for Sustainable Development Goal 9 are based on the dual transition towards a green and digital economy. The national plans aim at implementing the 5G Strategy for Romania which will result in sustainable development, competitiveness, innovation and improved industrial policies (European Commission, 2025a). Romania has adopted for the period 2022–2027 the National Strategy for Research and Innovation (Ministry of Investments and European Projects, 2022) which emphasizes fundamental applied research and improved public–private collaboration. The main lines of action in implementing the national strategy for research, innovation and smart specialization consist in developing the research, development and innovation system, supporting innovation ecosystems associated with smart specializations, mobilizing towards innovation, and increasing European and international collaboration.