The global biodiversity crisis is escalating, with an alarming number of species—exceeding 47,000—facing imminent extinction. Urbanization has been demonstrated to be a contributing factor to the observed decline in biodiversity, which in turn limits exposure to nature on a daily basis, particularly among children and adolescents. This growing detachment, referred to as the “extinction of experience,” has been shown to reduce awareness of native species and weaken environmental concern. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of species is imperative for the promotion of pro-environmental behaviors. School gardens offer a valuable solution by providing authentic, hands-on learning experiences that facilitate the development of students' cognitive, emotional, and social connections to nature. Engaging with biodiversity is a pedagogical strategy that fosters the development of essential ecological understanding, appreciation of seasonality, and foundational concepts related to plant development and sustainability. Participation in conservation projects and the active design of green learning environments has been demonstrated to promote ownership, creativity, and environmental responsibility. Within the framework of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), school gardens function as dynamic learning spaces that integrate cognitive, social, and behavioral dimensions. These competencies provide meaningful contexts for understanding the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, equipping students with the skills and values necessary for a sustainable future. This book explores the potential of biodiversity education in school gardens as a strategy to counteract nature alienation and promote sustainability from early childhood through lifelong learning.