Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes all fertility treatments or procedures in which either eggs or embryos are handled to form a pregnancy. The use of ART is becoming more common, and emergency clinicians must be familiar with its potential complications. Complications from ART are predominantly due to hormonal ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval but also include procedural complications and increased pregnancy-related risks. The most frequent complication of ART is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), which is usually mild but can result in life-threatening complications such as thromboembolism. Ectopic and heterotopic pregnancies are other serious complications that occur more frequently in women undergoing ART. The patient’s reproductive specialist should be engaged early in the patient’s emergency department (ED) course.