This chapter provides a comparative analysis of Track 1.5 Diplomacy as operationalized by notable European countries and the European Union (EU), highlighting the region’s commitment to normative power projection and inclusive dialogue. The analysis establishes that European Track 1.5 practices are deeply rooted in multilateralism, systematically integrating non-state actors—including civil society, academia, and cultural institutions—into their foreign policy frameworks. The EU model is characterized by its supranational institutionalization, utilizing mechanisms like the European External Action Service (EEAS), Structured Dialogues, and formal NGO Consultations to foster participatory governance and norm diffusion, despite facing challenges related to bureaucratic complexity and legitimacy. Conversely, Norway offers a distinct small-state model defined by quiet diplomacy, principled neutrality, and the powerful integration of academic expertise (e.g., PRIO) to lead in conflict mediation and peacebuilding. Furthermore, France leverages multilateral cultural diplomacy through La Francophonie and cultural symbols (cuisine, art) to promote shared values and soft power, while Spain strategically utilizes its historical and cultural capital to advance Track 1.5 engagement in Latin America. These case studies collectively demonstrate that European diplomacy prioritizes procedural legitimacy and the co-production of policy with diverse stakeholders, offering scalable and instructive lessons for effective hybrid statecraft across varied geopolitical contexts.