This chapter moves from the theoretical discussion to the practical application of Track 1.5 Diplomacy within the US foreign policy ecosystem. It establishes that unofficial statecraft is an indispensable, integral component of US strategy, operating as a vital bridge between formal and informal actors to advance national interests. The analysis systematically examines the roles of three key non-state actors. Firstly, the chapter details the pervasive influence of mass media through the “CNN effect,” demonstrating its power to dramatically accelerate policy response times, shape public perception, and set the foreign policy agenda, thereby challenging conventional government control. Secondly, it explores the function of interest groups, focusing particularly on highly organized diaspora lobbies (such as the Israeli and Cuban American lobbies). These groups effectively link domestic political concerns with foreign policy outcomes, acting as powerful conduits for specific state and non-state interests and illustrating the applicability of the pluralist model in foreign policy. Thirdly, the significant contributions of think tanks are detailed, positioning them as essential purveyors of research, expertise, and policy advocacy that directly inform and influence official decision-making processes. Furthermore, the chapter considers the constraining yet shaping role of public opinion and the non-State Department personnel within American embassies. This comprehensive examination underscores how the decentralized efforts of these unofficial actors combine with official diplomacy to create a more dynamic, responsive, and complex US foreign policy apparatus.

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Track 1.5 Diplomacy in the United States

  • Nguyen Thi Thu Hoan,
  • Mai Thi Hong Tam,
  • Do Tu Hien

摘要

This chapter moves from the theoretical discussion to the practical application of Track 1.5 Diplomacy within the US foreign policy ecosystem. It establishes that unofficial statecraft is an indispensable, integral component of US strategy, operating as a vital bridge between formal and informal actors to advance national interests. The analysis systematically examines the roles of three key non-state actors. Firstly, the chapter details the pervasive influence of mass media through the “CNN effect,” demonstrating its power to dramatically accelerate policy response times, shape public perception, and set the foreign policy agenda, thereby challenging conventional government control. Secondly, it explores the function of interest groups, focusing particularly on highly organized diaspora lobbies (such as the Israeli and Cuban American lobbies). These groups effectively link domestic political concerns with foreign policy outcomes, acting as powerful conduits for specific state and non-state interests and illustrating the applicability of the pluralist model in foreign policy. Thirdly, the significant contributions of think tanks are detailed, positioning them as essential purveyors of research, expertise, and policy advocacy that directly inform and influence official decision-making processes. Furthermore, the chapter considers the constraining yet shaping role of public opinion and the non-State Department personnel within American embassies. This comprehensive examination underscores how the decentralized efforts of these unofficial actors combine with official diplomacy to create a more dynamic, responsive, and complex US foreign policy apparatus.