Across the globe, environmental governance has increasingly relied on the creation of specialized institutions to address the growing complexity of ecological challenges. Effective monitoring, enforcement, and regulatory oversight are now recognized as essential components of national strategies to protect ecosystems and public health. Within this context, Morocco has taken a significant step by establishing the Environmental Police in 2017 under the framework of the National Charter for the Environment and Sustainable Development. This chapter explores the emergence of this body as a case study of institutional innovation in the Global South. The aim is to assess its statutory foundations, operational structure, and practical effectiveness in strengthening environmental law enforcement. Methodologically, the chapter draws on an analysis of legislative provisions, ministerial decrees, official reports, and interviews with practitioners to trace both achievements and shortcomings. Findings show that the Environmental Police has enhanced environmental control and judicial inquiry capacities, while also facing persistent constraints such as resource limitations, coordination gaps among agencies, and the need for stronger public communication. The implications extend beyond Morocco, offering insights into how specialized enforcement bodies can contribute to regulatory reform and providing comparative lessons for countries seeking to reinforce environmental governance through institutional innovation.