The paper considers the optimization of enterprise resource provision under critical constraints. The study is based on the analysis of production downtime scenarios and the use of alternative energy generation in the example of enterprises operating in energy-dependent industries. The study summarizes the economic consequences of forced production shutdowns due to power outages. The influence of random factors on the expected financial losses of an enterprise under conditions of energy constraints is considered. The methods of probabilistic analysis have been used. It has been proven that the optimal share of downtime depends on the scale of production—large enterprises are less flexible to sharp reductions in production volumes, while smaller production units can adapt faster to unstable energy supply. The formalized mathematical model presented in the article allows us to assess how different levels of downtime (from partial to full) affect the financial performance of the enterprise. The developed mathematical model allows for estimating the impact of unstable energy supply on production costs, expected profit, and cost variance, which enables the forming of energy consumption management strategies to minimize the financial losses of enterprises. The results of the study confirm that a stable energy supply is a key factor in the economic security of enterprises. The introduction of own electricity generation is economically justified only under the condition of limited use (up to 10%) and an increase in production volumes. Otherwise, a significant increase in electricity costs leads to a decrease in profitability and financial risks.