The article proposes a methodological toolkit that enables a comprehensive examination of the operational capabilities of a pharmaceutical enterprise and the formulation of its development strategy. The study employs a set of methods that enabled the achievement of the stated objective. The EFAS analysis was used to examine the business landscape of the pharmacy segment. An interrelationship diagram was used to identify the root causes of decreased turnover of medicinal products. ABC analysis enabled the evaluation of medicine sales by trade names in terms of profitability and demand. The article presents an EFAS analysis of the business landscape within the pharmacy segment, which has revealed a range of external challenges exerting a considerable impact on the strategic position of enterprises operating in the pharmaceutical sector. The most critical risks were identified as factors related to the competitive environment and supplier activity, in particular marketing pressure, price volatility, and rigid contractual terms. The study also examines internal operational challenges, specifically the decline in pharmaceutical turnover resulting from the presence of low-demand items within the product assortment. Through the application of ABC analysis, an inventory management model was developed that integrates product prioritisation and enables cost optimisation. A logical framework for assortment management was developed that ensures the rational utilisation of resources. The practical value of the study lies in the justification of a business development strategy based on the integration of external threat analysis and internal capability evaluation.