Optimizing hospital bed management (HBM) is essential to balance capacity, reduce waiting times and ensure efficient patient flow. However, persistent challenges in real-time data integration, interdepartmental coordination, and adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies stand in the way of progress in this field. This study proposes a conceptual framework for HBM, developed through a systematic revision of literature reviews. The framework categorizes key dimensions, integrating hospital-related factors, patient characteristics, objectives and performance metrics, decisions, modelling techniques and solution methods, with strategies and the role of I4.0 technologies. Unlike previous studies, it provides a structured and holistic perspective, emphasizing the role of digital health in optimizing decision making and resource allocation. The findings highlight research gaps in interoperability, solution methods, real-time optimization, and emphasize the need for scalable and resilient hospital management models. This framework serves as a foundation for future research and practical improvements in HBM.