Road transport faces substantial challenges due to the precariousness of infrastructure, the increase in the volume of goods and the need for efficient logistics management. In this context, route optimization emerges as a crucial factor for reducing distances traveled and improving operational efficiency. Recent studies highlight Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) as one of the promising approaches for improving road transport logistics. The objective of this study is to identify how computational techniques are associated with ACO in distance optimization in road transport. To this end, a systematic review of the literature was carried out with a focus on analyzing these associations. The results indicate that, although ACO has great potential, its integration with other advanced computational methods is still little explored.