The convergence of Lean principles with Industry 4.0 technologies presents new frontiers for achieving organizational goals. While Digitalization, Sustainability, and Operational Excellence are recognized as pillars of modern enterprise strategy, the tools to effectively implement and integrate them are still evolving . This paper addresses a critical gap by exploring the potential of three-dimensional (3D) visualization, including virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), as a key enabler for “LEAN in Action.” Through a systematic literature review, primarily drawing from the field of software and systems engineering where 3D modeling is more mature, this paper analyzes the capabilities, advantages, and challenges of these technologies. The analysis then demonstrates that 3D visualization is not merely a graphical enhancement, but a transformative tool for advancing digitalization, sustainability, and operational excellence. It can enhance process comprehension to identify waste (Muda), facilitate immersive collaboration to improve value streams, and support the creation of digital twins for sustainable and operationally excellent systems. The paper concludes with a set of actionable recommendations for practitioners and directions for future research, advocating for the adoption of 3D visualization as a fundamental component in the modern Lean toolkit.