Chronic pain is a significant public health issue in pediatric populations. Various types of pain such as musculoskeletal, abdominal, and headache pain can present as primary or as secondary to other general medical conditions. Chronic pain can be associated with central sensitization, where neural pathways amplify pain responses and lead to hypersensitivity. Psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety, are frequently associated with chronic pain and can compound the impact of pain on a child’s daily functioning and well-being. A biopsychosocial perspective and multimodal treatment approaches, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, are critical in managing pediatric chronic pain. Diagnostic clarity, patient and family education, and early intervention using an interdisciplinary team of healthcare professionals can improve outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance quality of life for both children and their families.