There is increasing scholarship on the necessity for geoengineering to counteract climate change. In the discourse, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options have featured prominently. Despite its promises, bourgeoning scholarship shows that CDR options are not without uncertainties that may have implications for a wide range of human rights in developing countries. The African Union (AU) human rights standards are anchored in the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Charter), a pillar instrument monitored by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Commission) and complemented by the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights. The African Charter is supported by other policy and legal instruments that reflect the commitment of states to addressing climate change. However, there is rare research on the trend in geoengineering, especially in CDR, as well as the adequacy or shortcomings of its policy and legal framework at the AU level. Consequently, this paper interrogates the following issues: the trends in geoengineering, with a focus on the positive and negative implications of carbon removal measures within the AU; the potential of the AU’s normative framework on climate change to support climate engineering; and the ways in which state human rights obligations under the African Charter may shape key AU legal and policy provisions to minimize the anticipated risks while implementing CDR geoengineering.