This chapter examines English education in South Korea during the U.S. Military Government (USMG) period from 1945 to 1948, a time marked by political upheaval and rapid social transformation following liberation from Japanese rule. After several years of prohibition during the late colonial period, English was swiftly reintroduced and elevated to an unprecedented status, functioning as the official language of the USMG and a crucial resource for employment and social advancement. The chapter highlights the acute shortage of competent English speakers, which led to the rise of interpreters who often wielded disproportionate influence in administrative and economic affairs. Despite the strong societal demand for oral English proficiency, school-based English education largely reverted to grammar-translation practices, emphasizing reading, vocabulary, and written examinations. Textbook analysis reveals a persistent focus on literacy rather than authentic communication, resulting in a mismatch between educational practices and practical needs. Overall, the chapter illustrates how English education during the USMG period reflected broader social dynamics, reinforcing English as a key instrument of power, mobility, and inequality in post-liberation South Korea.