Digital transformation is very important for all enterprises to improve their performance in the digital age. However, it is difficult for SMEs to adopt digital transformation to gain competitive advantages and achieve sustainable development. This study explores the impact of digital transformation on the export performance and sustainability of SMEs in Vietnam. It investigates how digital transformation influences export performance and contributes to the long-term sustainability of SMEs, focussing on the enabling role of digital tools and the ways these technologies contribute to sustainability. The research employs a quantitative approach, using a structured questionnaire to gather data from a sample of SMEs in Vietnam. The study is guided by the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the Resource-Based View (RBV) to develop hypotheses and a research model. The research suggests practical implications for SME managers to leverage digital transformation to enhance their international competitiveness and achieve sustainable growth. In particular, the research suggests that SME managers invest in digital literacy and IT capabilities to strengthen export performance, while also utilizing digital tools to enhance international market insights and supply chain efficiency, ultimately fostering economic sustainability.