The chapter examines how Liberia’s unique foundation as a Black settler colony has shaped its political violence and contested pathways to “decolonisation”. Focusing on the Tubman (1944–1971) and Tolbert (1971–1980) regimes, it argues that efforts to integrate Indigenous populations under the guise of national unification reinforced Americo-Liberian dominance. The chapter traces how marginalised groups mobilised against this exclusion, culminating in the 1980 coup. It then turns to the Liberian civil wars (1989–2003), arguing that warlords like Samuel Doe and Charles Taylor reproduced and weaponised the logics of settler colonialism to mobilise violence. In doing so, the chapter challenges resource-based and ethnic conflict narratives, offering a settler colonial lens as an alternative framework to understanding Liberia’s enduring crisis of identity and belonging.