This chapter retheorise Liberia’s founding as a distinctive form of settler colonialism, challenging conventional distinctions between postcolonial and settler colonial paradigms. Established by freed and formerly enslaved Black Americans, Liberia complicates the typical narrative of white settler colonisers. Despite their racialised identities, Americo-Liberians enacted settler practices–land appropriation, claims to sovereignty, and Indigenous dispossession–mirroring the structural logics of settler colonialism. This analysis reframes “whiteness” as a position of power rather than phenotype, showing how Americo-Liberians leveraged colonial frameworks to dominate Indigenous populations. This theoretical reframing highlights how transnational histories and epistemologies of power enabled a settler formation in which the colonisers were themselves historically oppressed. The chapter critiques existing scholarship for underestimating the structural continuities of settler violence and inequality in the Liberian context and contributes a historical lens that centres Indigenous experiences and the racialised production of Liberian identity.