Cleats and fractures in coal significantly impact mine planning, beneficiation, stress field evaluation, structural orientation, physico-mechanical strength, permeability and porosity of coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs. Therefore, a detailed micro-level understanding of cleat-fracture trends and intensity is essential for both subsurface and surface coal handling. Cleats are categorized as face, butt, master, or tertiary based on lithotype. Measurements typically include spacing, orientation and aperture. Higher cleat frequency often correlates with greater coal seam deformation, increasing brittleness and requiring special mining precautions. Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) are assessed based on cleat-fracture intensity. In-situ stress analysis is crucial prior to mining to ensure mine stability and longevity. Highly cleated coals pose gas outburst risks and affect underground roof support systems, such pillars are generally avoided to prevent roof falls. Cleats also facilitate gas migration, making permeability studies vital for CBM extraction. Various stimulation techniques, thermal, mechanical, and chemical are used to enhance cleat apertures and induce fractures. In beneficiation, well-cleated coal is more friable, reducing milling power and overall processing costs. This paper highlights the importance of comprehensive cleat characterization to optimize coal mine safety, productivity and resource utilization.