This chapter examines the Bogotá-Cundinamarca Metropolitan Region (BCMR), underscoring the region’s immense social, political, and economic importance. The chapter also explores some of its challenges rooted in its history of creation and development. The chapter analyzes how this new administrative entity addresses the persistent “metropolitan problem” and its associated challenges, such as lack of coordination, in a complex political landscape. This analysis also explores the impact of national political institutions, such as its unitary form of republic and centralist tradition, on decentralization efforts that have often been more administrative than political. Also, the chapter underlines how, after decades of institutional learning and political efforts, a historic constitutional reform in 2020 established the BCMR as a novel scheme for regional collaboration. This scheme offers a new, more ambitious governance model that moves beyond traditional inter-municipal associations to a more sophisticated, supra-municipal, and subnational council. This new arrangement aims to provide a more integrated and coordinated approach to managing complex urban challenges. However, the case study illustrates also the obstacles to address regional disparities, improve public services, and foster a more sustainable development.