This foundational chapter introduces the Multidimensional Contextual English Language Education (MCELE) Framework, a novel theoretical model designed to address the fragmentation in Iranian English Language Teaching (ELT) research. It argues that existing scholarship often isolates historical, pedagogical, and professional factors, failing to capture their dynamic interplay. The chapter details the framework’s tripartite structure: the Historical-Sociocultural dimension (exploring political and cultural legacies), the Pedagogical dimension (assessing curriculum and methodology), and the Identity and Professional Development dimension (examining teacher training and roles). Grounded in sociocultural theory, critical pedagogy, and ecological systems theory, the chapter demonstrates how MCELE provides a unified lens for analyzing the complex tensions between global ELT standards and local Islamic-Iranian values, setting the stage for the book’s subsequent analyses.