This chapter assesses the intersection of agriculture, gender, and food (in)security in East Africa—specifically Uganda, Kenya, South Sudan, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Burundi. It highlights the gendered nature of agri-food systems and the broader environment within which they are embedded. Using a comparative approach, the study analyses electronic and print sources, including EAC and national-level policies, UN reports, and academic work. The findings show that the region’s food insecurity affects 61.6 million people, driven by conflict, climate change, rapid population growth, urbanisation, and the January 2025 USAID funding cuts. Population growth reduces arable land and increases deforestation, thus worsening climate change. Conflicts disrupt food systems, increase refugee insurgencies, and heighten malnutrition among women and children. Urbanisation limits land for agriculture, and while it may benefit the employed, it deepens food insecurity for many urban dwellers, particularly women. USAID cuts have affected projects that supported women’s agricultural roles, worsening food insecurity. The Chapter provides prospects for improving agricultural production and food security, noting EAC member states’ commitment to gender equality. It underlines the need for increased local funding—up to the 10% Malabo Declaration target—to replace the lost aid, sustain agri-food systems, and make women more commercially productive.